Caesar Augustus

In Luke’s Gospel, Caesar Augustus, Rome’s first emperor and bringer of the Pax Romana, is mentioned in connection with the census that brings Mary and Joseph to Bethlehem, highlighting how the emperor’s decree unknowingly fulfills God’s plan and contrasting Augustus’s claim to peace with the true peace brought by Jesus.

People, Places, and Things

Caesar Augustus

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People, Places, and Things

Scribes

In the first century, Jewish scribes were respected experts in the Law whose devotion to Scripture preserved Israel’s faith, yet in Luke’s Gospel they often clash with Jesus, revealing the tension between knowing the Law and recognizing the One who fulfills it.

Mary (Mother of Jesus)

Mary, a humble Jewish woman from Nazareth, was divinely chosen to bear Jesus through the Holy Spirit, embodying faith and obedience within the cultural and religious context of first-century Judaism.

The Sacrifice of Incense

The sacrifice of incense was a daily temple ritual where priests burned a holy blend of spices on the altar of incense, symbolizing the prayers of the people rising to God.

Annas and Caiaphas

Annas and Caiaphas, a powerful father-in-law and son-in-law duo who dominated the high priesthood in first-century Judea, embody how Rome’s occupation turned a sacred office into a tool of political control, with their influence culminating in the trial and crucifixion of Jesus.

Quirinius (Governor of Syria)

uirinius was the Roman governor of Syria known for conducting a census around AD 6, which plays a significant historical and theological role in Luke’s account of Jesus’ birth, illustrating God’s sovereignty working through Roman political events despite controversies over the timing and historical details.

Herod Antipas

Herod Antipas was the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea in the First Century, known for his political rule under Roman authority, his role in the imprisonment and execution of John the Baptist, and his involvement in the trial of Jesus as recorded in the New Testament.